Adolescent Gynaecological disorders: Challenges in the blooming years

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is an important phase between childhood and adulthood marked by significant physical, emotional, hormonal and social changes. The onset of menstruation and maturation of the reproductive system increase the likelihood of various gynaecological problems in girls. Many of these conditions remain unrecognized or untreated, particularly in developing countries, where limited awareness, cultural barriers, and poor access to healthcare services prevent adolescents from seeking timely medical care.

This study is intended to provide insight into the common reproductive health issues affecting adolescent girls and to identify gaps in existing healthcare services. The findings may help promote adolescent-friendly gynecological care, strengthen awareness programs, and support strategies for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective management of these conditions.

Objectives: To determine the spectrum and frequency of adolescent gynaecological problems presenting to hospital.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 adolescent females presenting with gynaecological complaints at a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done by using a structured proforma after informed consent. Sociodemographic variables, menstrual and gynaecological complaints, associated conditions, investigations, and management modalities were recorded. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 26. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: The mean age of subjects was 15.41 ± 2.25 years, while the mean BMI was 21.67 ± 4.06 kg/m². Most participants belonged to low socioeconomic status (56.4%) and urban areas (60.6%). Menstrual irregularities were the most common complaint, reported by 46.8% participants, followed by abdominal pain (47.9%) and dysmenorrhea (30.9%). Amenorrhea was present in 19.1% participants. Ovarian cysts or masses were identified in 27.7% cases, while polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was diagnosed in 22.3%. Medical management was offered to 59.6% participants, whereas 24.5% required surgical intervention. Anaemia was the most frequent associated comorbidity.

Conclusion: Menstrual disorders and pelvic pain constitute the major adolescent gynaecological problems presenting to tertiary healthcare facilities. PCOS and ovarian cysts were common underlying conditions. Early diagnosis, adolescent-friendly reproductive health services, awareness programs, and timely intervention are essential for improving adolescent gynaecological health outcomes.

Key words: Adolescent gynaecology, menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, PCOS, ovarian cyst, amenorrhea, cross-sectional study.